Europais the second smallestcontinent. The name
Europa
, oEuropa, believed to be of Greek origin as it is the name of a princess in GreekMythology. The name
Europa
It may also come from a combination of Greek roots.EUR- (broad) and -op(See) to form the phrase "forecast".
Europa
often described as "PeninsulaVon
peninsulas
." AN
Peninsula
it is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.
Europa
it is a
Peninsula
from super eurasia
continent
forkslimitedby the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas to the south.
Europa
And the most important
peninsulas
are the Iberians, Italians and Balkans, located to the south
Europa
, it's himScandinavianand Jutland to the north
Europa
. The connection between these
peninsulas
was taken
Europa
a dominanteconomically, social and cultural force throughout recorded history.
Europa
ofphysical geography,neighborhoodyresources, youHuman Geographycan be considered separately.
Hi,
Europa
It is home to citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo , Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine , United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) and Vatican City.
cultural geography
Europa
has a long history of human development and is considered the cradle ofwestern civilization. Today this cultural richness is used to consolidate the
european
community and is exported as one of the rest of the world
continent
The biggest global assets of s.
historical cultures
IndigenousCultures have shaped and been shaped by the diverse geography of
Europa
. Physical properties,wetter-tied togetherphenomenae local
resources
had a profound impact on how history
european
to cultureprosperousThey interacted and believed that their world worked.
The geography and climate of the Mediterranean, for example, directly influenced Greece.
Mythology
. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of the Greek god of fire, Hephaestus. The ancient Greeks also believeddecisionThe gods imprisoned the lesser gods under volcanoes. Thus, the violent nature of a volcano came from the labors of Hephaestus and the wrath of the captive gods.
The ancient Greeks' connection to the sea also greatly influenced theirs.
mythological
beliefs. The numerous earthquakes in Greece andtsunamisThey associated them with the sea god Poseidon, known as the "Earthquake". Cults and temples dedicated to Poseidon were built throughout the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas to appease the god.
Emaritime To actand exploration developed in the region, the winds and currents associated with Poseidon in Greek became important
Mythology
. The gods could reward and punish travelers.
distributor
in favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. This is a main themeThe Odyssey, an epic poem by Homer in which these key elements of the sea help and harm the hero.
Other cultures evolved around the singular
resources
at your disposal. the sami culture of
Scandinavia
, for example, was deeply connected to this
indigenous
Arctic reindeer herds. The Sami followed and maintained these herds during their herding cycle. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate every part of the animal. They made clothes and tents out of reindeer.hide, sew the fabric together withlineanimal suittendons.
Keeping track of herds and individuals became increasingly important in Sami life. With the end ofdifferentiateHerds, families, and communities have developed a pattern of notches and notches on animals' ears.
Reindeer were also the main means of transportation for the Sami during their time.nomadicTravel. These trips varied in length according to the migratory patterns of particular reindeer herds. Some reindeer herds have home ranges of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles).
Reindeer herding remains an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in the north.
Scandinavia
and Kola from Russia
Peninsula
.
Distinctive physical characteristics have had a lasting influence on how
european
Cultures communicated with each other. with your center
european
The location, but geographical remoteness, has made the Alpine region a unique center for
Europa
dominant languages and a refuge for theirarchaicLanguages. This linguistic diversity is present in the alpine regions of many contemporaries.
european
countries today.
For example, Switzerland has four official languages: German, French, Italian and Romansch. During themiddle Ages, dominant
european
The powers conquered thestrategicimportant mountain area of the Alps. Around 400 AD, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded what is now northern Switzerland. Today this is the German-speaking part of the country.
Around the same time, Roman conquerors conquered what is now southern Switzerland.latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the west and Italian in the south. However, due to their remoteness, all these regions differ from each other.dialectsthat differ slightly from your mother tongue. swiss italian is
distinguishable
from italian
romance eendangeredlanguage, is also derived from
latin
. There are less than a million people.Fluentlyin romansh. The language survives in Switzerland due to the remote location of its native speakers.
Contemporary Cultures
Europa
The rich and diverse cultural heritage ofbloomtoday. With such a large number of nationalities in such a small space,
Europa
strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.
Die
european
The "Capital of Culture" program, launched in 1985, became one of them.
Europa
most important and world-class cultural events. The program's objectives are local, regional and global. program highlights
Europa
country's rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties and brings together people from different backgrounds
european
funds together. The program has made a lasting difference.
economically
Strengthen cities and regions, sharpen their international profile andexpandedtheir images in the eyes of their own residents.
Every year, two or three cities are selected to create an annual program of cultural events. This program should not only highlight the city's unique cultural heritage, but also include new events that bring together a variety of cultural practices from all areas.
Europa
. All events must come together under a common theme or themes. Turku, Finland, the 2011 Capital of Culture, focused on the positive impact of culture on health and well-being. Many of its events have encouraged community participation andsocial commitment. Projects must remain in the city after 2011; some sculptures could be used for athletics, for example. Turku employees hope to inspire others
european
countries to carry out similar projects.
Europa
it also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. TheEuropean Unionhas 23 official languages, and the
continent
is over 60 years old
indigenous
Languages.
flourishing
ImmigrantCommunities bring new languages to the
continent
, including Arabic, Hindi and Mandarin.
2006
european
The study showed that 53% of respondents speak a second language, while 28% speak two foreign languages.
government
Languages. The study also showed that only 8% of respondents consider language learning unimportant.
Die
european
Union
adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone can speak at least two languages in addition to their own. By supporting this policy, the
european
Union
expects it to be social, educational, professional and empowering
economically
relate
Europa
and make them
continent
more competitive in global markets.
Europa
The cultural products of the region also contribute to the unification of the region. Some countries and regions have even developed an identity or "brand" for specific products and exports.
Scandinavian
Design, for example, focuses mainly on fashion and homewares. Characterized by being simpleminimalistDesign and mass production at low cost. Important
Scandinavian
Among the companies that focus on design products is Electrolux, which makes the homeelectronic, and Ikea and H&M, known around the world for their inexpensive but well-designed furniture and clothing.
Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. The city of Milan is considered an important fashion capital and hosts an international fashion week twice a year. The city is home to the headquarters ofLuxBrands like Valentino, Gucci, Versace and Prada. Milan is also the most important home
european
fashion magazines likeGracias,Italian fashion, youvera.
German automotive design enjoys an excellent reputation around the world.Prestige. Automotive companies such as BMW, Mercedes and Audi are known around the world for developing cars with dynamic designs and an immersive driving experience. The state is also home to several prominent universities in automotive design, such as the University of Esslingen and the University of Pforzheim.
political geography
Europa
long story and
economically
progress were shaped by their
political geography
.
political geography
are the internal and external relationships betweengovernments, citizens and territories. Early
europeans
, in fact, shaped global notions of citizenship and
government
. These ideas have been tested in times of peace and military conflict and are still being redefined today.
historical problems
Europa
The beginning of political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly influenced how
western civilizations
Govern your territories and citizens.
Described as the birthplace ofdemocracy, ancient Greece revolved around thepolis, or city-state. City-states were unique in that they were not ruled by a singlehereditaryruler, but by a body politic representing its citizens. This idea of citizenship, of being connected and having a voice in your community, has become one of the pillars of
democracy
. Word "
democracy
' has Greek roots:Population-, meaning "people", and -kratos, which means "power".famousGreekphilosophers, like Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings.
philosophers
and politicians have used these scriptures ever since to sustain and defend the democratic tradition.
Roman civilization had a great influence on Western legal concepts,
government
, and the military. At its greatest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.
The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered the foundation of the West.imperialism.
imperialism
It is a policy of expanding a nation's power and influence throughDiplomacyor military force.
imperialism
is a guideline that has been used throughout history, in particular by
european
powers and the United States. Other political institutions of Romepersistthrough the
Europa
and ex
european
colonies Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the deployment of military forces.troopsoutside the home region of a country.
World War I and World War II had a dramatic impact on
political geography
Von
Europa
. The First World War (1914-1918) claimed about 16 million lives. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the Allied forces (led by the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire). At the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and split into a dozen separate nations.
Limits
between existing nations such as Poland and Russia have been completely redrawn.
The Second World War (1939-1945) left about 43 million
europeans
dead, including an estimated 6 million who died in theholocaust. Die
holocaust
it was the mass murder of Jews under National Socialism. World War II also left over 40 millionrefugeescontributed to the independence
european
colonies around the world anddevastatedthe urbanthe infrastructuresince many
european
cities
As a result of the devastation of World War II, westerns
Europa
The US role in world politics has diminished. The United States began to lead the western world while theSoviet Union, with capital do not read
european
The city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. The relationship between the United States, with afree market economy, it's him
Soviet Union
, commoncommunist economyIt became known as the Cold War.
The "Cortina de Ferro" represents
Europa
of
political geography
during the Cold War. The Iron Curtain was liftedideological borderwho shared
Europa
into two blocks: western countries influenced by the United States and eastern countries influenced by the United States
Soviet Union
. International
economically
and military organizations developed on both sides of the Iron Curtain. United States and the
Soviet Union
built hugearsenal nuclear, with many missiles directed at targets everywhere
Europa
.
The Iron Curtain took the physical form of
border
Defense, Walls and Boundaries
Diplomacy
. The nation of Germany was split in two. Indeed, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was theBerlin Wall, which divided the German city of Berlin into western and eastern controlled parts.
Die
economically
and the political decline of
Soviet Union
led to the fall of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. During this period, several anti-communistsThe revolutionswept through the center and east
Europa
. Is
The revolution
would eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the end of
Berlin Wall
1989.
Contemporary problems
Europa
is now largely defined in the context of
european
Union
(EU), year
economically
and political body formally created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. The EU is working to create a unified framework for social services,
environment
, military and
economically
policies of its member states.
Today the
european
Union
is made up of 27 member states, with new members coming mainly from Central and Eastern Europe
Europa
. The EU's financial and diplomatic success has led to its rapid growth around the world.
continent
.
Die
Euro
It is one of the strongest currencies in the world. The
Euro
is the second most popularCoin(behind the US dollar) and is used by over 320 million people every day. Nations that use
Euro
as unit of
Coin
are called "
zone to the euro
.“
The EU's leadership, divided into different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable and democratic form
government
, an
free market economy
and commitment to the rule of law.
The rapid growth of
european
Union
however, it gave rise to a series of administrative and political tensions. Critics call the EU accession process too difficult
Europa
Developing countries. strict EUregulationsimposing a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.
The worldFinancial crisis, which began around 2008, caused these tensions to increase dramatically. The
Financial crisis
is defined byDebtit's tallunemployment. Die
european
Union
crafted a $957 billion "rescue" package for the EU economy, especially for countries that were not sustainable
Debt
Prices. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain and Portugal. This rescue caused tensions to rise between them.
economically
competitive countries and
in debit
countries you are helping to save. At the
in debit
Countries now have to deal with this more rigorously.Budgetsand declining incomes, while financially more stable countries put pressure oncontributorto fund the rescue.
the state of
immigrant
It is also a source of tension and debate in
Europa
. historic,
Europa
it was an immigration center. The
european
Union
established the Schengen area, an area in which
europeans
You can travel from one country to another without having to show your passport. The
Financial crisis
, together with concerns
immigrant
' connections toterrorismand religious extremism
Europa
develop a more prudent approach to immigration. Some critics argue that these attitudes are xenophobic.xenophobiaIt is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.
Two facts demonstrate this debate. In 2005, the Danish newspaperJyllands-Postenpublished 12 cartoons withIslamicMatters. Political caricatures tried to engage in the debate about Muslim extremism. However, many Muslim organizations saw the cartoons this way.fanatic, racist and offensive. Protests have erupted across the Muslim world, with protesters torching Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran and Syria. These events had a devastating effect on Denmark's reputation as a country.progressiveand hospitable country. The debate surrounding the cartoons also exacerbated the tense relationship between the two.
Islamic
world and west.
2010 the french
government
illegally mined
Immigrant
Warehouses throughout France. These camps were mainly inhabited by gypsies, also called gypsies. Gypsies are a people and culture originating in Central and Eastern Europe.
Europa
. given a
economically
During a crisis, EU nationals from poorer member states, such as Roma in Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. But developed countries also face
economically
challenges. These nations do not feel obliged to accept what is illegal.
immigrant
whom they see as a threat and a burden.
Supporters of repression want to end illegal immigration. Critics consider the movement racist.
future problems
An important predictor of
Europa
is political and
economically
The future is your efforts to minimize the impact ofclimate change.
Europa
often considered a world leader
ecologically
friendly technologies andlegislation. United Nations 2009
climate change
The conference took place in Copenhagen, Denmark. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, the 27 member states of the
european
Union
awaketo reduce carbon emissionsby 20 percent by 2020 (compared to 1990).
The EU also notified the UN of a "conditional offer to increase this cut to 30%, provided other major emitters agree to play their fair share in the global reduction effort". This conditional offer highlights the tension that existed at the conference between the tops of the developed world
carbon emissions
and the low or increasing carbon consumption of developing countries. Indeed, many developing countries have argued that the Copenhagen Accord was crafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantaged by poorer countries, many of which are likely to suffer the worst impacts.
climate change
.
aging
Europa
It is also expected that the population of
continent
social, political and financial future. The total population of
Europa
it is expected to fall from around 590 million to 542 million by 2050. The proportion of people aged 65 and over will rise from 16 to 28 percent. These projected changes will have two main impacts: There will be a smallerfolkscreate a dynamic and hard-working economy, and
governments
and citizens need to care for more seniors.
These changes affect different regions.
Europa
In different ways. This is the result of a study by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development
Scandinavia
, UK, Netherlands, West Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria and France have the best support prospectsalegrey
economically
successful companies. Many of the more social and
economically
powerful elements of these societies will be led by
immigrant
.
Developing countries such as those in the east and south
Europa
, will have to bear the brunt of the depopulation trend. Among the sick economies that may suffer
carbon emissions
The borders are Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova.
so it seems
Europa
The historical differences between North and South, West and East will continue to widen in the future. Adoption of regional social policies and
economically
legislation
, especially for bodies like that
european
Union
, to be able to helpRandsteinthis trend.
done fast
population density
188 people per square kilometer
done fast
highest elevation
Mount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet)
done fast
Most renewable electricity is produced
Iceland (99.9%; hydroelectric, geothermal)
done fast
larger urban area
Moscow, Russia (population 16.2 million)
done fast
largest watershed
Volga (1.38 million square kilometers / 532,821 square miles)
Interactive
site web
National Geographic Travel: EuropaEurope: gateway to the European UnionEuropean Commission: European Capital of Culture